To sum up, the reasons for the instability of essence can be summarized as follows:
(1) Chemical reactions between some molecules in essence (such as transesterification, esterification, phenolic condensation, alcohol aldehyde condensation, aldehyde aldehyde condensation, aldehyde oxidation, formation of fudge group, etc.);
(2) Oxidation or polymerization reaction (aldehyde, alcohol, unsaturated bond, etc.) between some molecules in essence and air (oxygen);
(3) Some molecules in essence react physically and chemically when exposed to light (such as some aldehydes, ketones and nitrogen-containing compounds);
(4) Physicochemical reaction or incompatibility between some components in essence and flavoring medium or between some components (such as saponification, hydrolysis, solubility change, surface activity and other aspects of maladjustment affected by pH).
(5) The reaction between some ingredients in essence and packaging container materials of flavoring products.
To investigate whether a certain essence is stable in a certain flavoring medium, the best way to explain the problem is through "shelf test", that is, under simulated normal storage or use conditions, at different intervals, using sensory (smell, vision, necessary taste) or physical and chemical methods to do necessary evaluation, testing or analysis, but it often takes several months or a year to do so. At present, people can use some rapid reinforcement methods to verify, such as:
1. Heating method: essence can be kept at a temperature higher than room temperature for a certain period of time, and then its flavor type or aroma change can be evaluated. At an appropriate heating temperature, in addition to evaluating the fragrance or aroma of the finished product, observe changes in its color or other aspects.
2. Freezing method: put essence or flavored finished product in low temperature for a certain time, and observe the changes of its viscosity and clarity. Observe whether there are any phenomena such as opacity, turbidity, precipitation, or stratification in the liquid flavored products.
3. Illumination method: irradiate essence with ultraviolet light or artificial light, observe its color, viscosity change and evaluate its flavor or aroma change within a certain time.
As for the actual application effect test of flavored products, it is generally used to examine whether there are significant changes in their fragrance type or aroma (head fragrance and lingering fragrance are often the main aspects to be examined) and usage efficiency according to normal usage conditions and methods.
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